Yi es Li (Korean period) (Korean culture or period) en

Period and culture of the Korean dynasty that ruled the Korean peninsula from 1392 to 1910, founded by Yi Sŏng-gye, posthumously known as King T’aejo (reiged 1392-1398). It is characterized by the establishment of Neo-Confucianism as the official ideology, encouragement of a modest and practical lifestyle, and abandonment of patronage for more extravagant art. Refers to the period, culture, and style of the Joseon Dynasty, which ruled Korea from 1392, when Yi Seonggye founded the dynasty, to 1897. Shaped by Confucian ideals, Joseon art favored simplicity, practicality, and naturalism. Buddhist painting and sculpture continued under royal patronage, particularly by female members, despite state suppression. Painting selectively absorbed Chinese influences from the Song through Qing Dynasties, developing distinctive styles. Court painters at the Dohwaseo (Royal Bureau of Painting) produced king’s portraits, documentary works, landscapes, and bird-and-flower paintings, while literati scholar-officials painted landscapes, the Four Gentlemen, and expressive works reflecting their inner sentiments. A cultural revival in the 18th century inspired a distinctive style known as jingyeong sansuhwa (true-view landscapes). Genre paintings depicting the daily life of commoners became prevalent, and folk paintings gained popularity among commoners as traditional painting became widespread among the general public. Ceramics were dominated first by buncheong sagi (buncheong ware) and then white porcelain. After buncheong declined in the late 16th century, white porcelain became the typical ware representing Joseon political ideology and reflecting the lifestyle of the time.