Términos

In India, a grate, gate, bars, or other covering for an opening, which allows entry of light but keeps out animals, dust, people, objects, or the like.

Un tipo de vasija ritual china de bronce utilizada para beber vino con tres patas curvas que apoyan una taza, a menudo con dos postes verticales cubiertos sobre el labio.

Cultura, estilo y periodo asociados a finales de la dinastía Ming (1522-1566 d.C.).
El estilo se caracteriza por la cerámica azul y blanca y la esmaltada policromada, con la introducción de jarrones y vasijas en forma de frutos similares a calabazas de base abombada. En las vasijas más grandes, se tendía a dividir la superficie en una serie de bandas formales e informales.

Recipiente ritual chino de bronce de Zhou del Este utilizado para contener agua. Tiene una forma redondeada baja, ci no tiene patas.

Jianzhuzao, literally translated as "reduced-column construction" or "column-elimination construction," is a term used to describe the arrangement of interior columns in traditional Chinese architecture. This term was not used in classical literature. Rather, it was first coined by architectural historians who conducted field investigations and wrote Chinese architectural history from the 1930s to 1960s. Generally, jianzhuzao refers to buildings with fewer interior columns than those with a full interior column grid aligned with the eaves pillars (Liang and Liu 1933; Guo 2009, 786). Some scholars, in accordance with the interpretation that there were two timber-frame structural systems (diange 殿閣/diantang 殿堂 and tingtang 廳堂) defined in Yingzao fashi, argued that only buildings with fewer interior columns than these two structural systems could have "column elimination" (Fu 2002). However, Chen Mingda, who used the two timber-frame structural systems as a standard to analyze extant buildings, opposed the use of the "jianzhu" neologism (Chen 1981, 4,178-181).

Un tipo de vasija ritual china de bronce utilizada para beber vino. Tiene dos picos simétricos diseñados para verter. Este tipo de vasija apareció durante la dinastía Shang y duró hasta el Zhou Occidental.

Refers to the culture, style, and period associated with the reign of the emperor Chia Ch'ing, 1796-1820. The style is characterized by wares such as snuff bottles, figures, and bottles in varying styles featuring painted blue and copper-red designs, enameling of all kinds, and monochrome glazes.

Literally meaning “pretend” or “simulated” ang, jia’ang refers to a bracket arm that appears to be a xia’ang visually, but does not function as a xia’ang structurally. Architectural historians have used jia’ang as a term in traditional Chinese architecture since the 1930s (Liang 1933，26). Usually it refers to a huagong in an eaves bracket set (waiyan dougong 外簷斗栱) with a shape of ang mouth (angzui 昂嘴) on the outside. In most cases, there is a carved huatouzi 華頭子 underneath the jia'ang.

Cups or bowls made from the fruit of a calabash tree, or made of other materials to resemble such vessels.

In Peru and other areas of Latin American, cups of faience or organic materials, used especially in the colonial era to serve hot chocolate or other hot beverages. Chocolate drink was consumed by the Mayans as early as 150 BCE, and in the following centuries it became a popular beverage among many indigenous groups. To create a Western-style form of the traditional mate cup, Spanish colonists improvised by using gourds, coconuts, wood, and other organic materials already in use, to which they added European-style bases, handles, and rims made of silver.

Literally meaning "bay-dividing plank partition" (Kroll 2016), scholars generally agree that jiejian banzhang 截間版帳 is a room dividing partition, and some scholars believe that it is a partition specifically running perpendicular to the main roof ridge (Zhao 2005, 102). The term is only found in Yingzao fashi 營造法式 (1103; Li 2009, 6.6a), and is considered to be a type of xiaomuzuo 小木作 (fine carpentry or joinery). According to the description in the Yingzao fashi, jiejian banzhang is six to ten feet high and is composed of planks or boards (ban 版) and covering strips (yatou hufeng 牙頭護縫), which can be used on both sides of the board. These components are fixed by a board casing (nanzi 難子) between the columns. If the jiejian banzhang is more than seven feet high, column-top-ties (e’fu 額栿) along with posts (tuanzhu 摶柱), and a waist bar (yaochuan 腰串) should be added to the framework. If its width is wider (or deeper) than usual, a bay muntin (qianzhu 槏柱) should also be added.

Rompecabezas con piezas de cartón o madera, de forma irregular y que se entrelazan para formar imágenes y diseños. El nombre jigsaw que se empleó en el siglo XX proviene de cierta sierra que se emplea para crear los intrincados recortes de las piezas.